Carbureter.



l. L. DUUGN.

CAHBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23, I9I5.

Patented Oct. jll.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Ill/I4 unirsi) 'STATES PATENT omen.

JOHN L. DoUGnN, or PLANKrN'roN, soU'rH 'ankora CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 5, 1915.

Application filed February 23. 1915. Serial No. 9,915.

mixing hydrocarbons. such' as gasolene. with air before their admissionto an internal combustion engine,

shaped and also to apparatus in which steam is mixed With thehydrocarbon and air to' provide anexplosive mixture.

The primary object of -my invention is to provide a self-adjusting mixeror carbureter which is automatically and mechanically operatedvby thesucti .in of the engine in such manner as to obtain a proper proportionof fuel and air at all engine speeds regardless of quick speed changes,variations in teinperature and altitude or the specific gravity of thefuel.

A further object of the invention is to obtain a. constant and uniformflow offuel at all times and under all conditions.

Still another objet of the invention is to i provide means foreconomically and eiliciently using grades4 of oil heavier than gasolene,such as crude oil, kerosene and the like.

In carrying out my 'invention with these objects in view, l employ anadmission valve for the fuel whichis connected with and operated by apiston operating in a cylinder or chamber which is closed to theatmosphere on one side of the piston and open to the mixing-chamber ofthe carbureter on the opposite sale.' This mechanism is so constructedai..i adjusted' that the suction of the engine operates the piston toopen more'or less the fuel admission valve of the ca rbureter, theextent ofthe opening being. in proportion to the degree of suction whichproduces a vacuum'in the piston chamber on one side of the piston, whichvacuum varies i'n degree proportionately With the amount vof movementgiven tothe piston and the suc# tion power of the engine. The admissionvalve of the carbureter is preferably cone- With its flat side or baseexposed to fuel pressure which tends to close it force which tends toclose the valve or resist .its opening depends on the amount of pres-When the` fuel in 'sure exerted by the fuel. the supply tank is at highlevel the pressure and this p on the liat face of the valve is greaterand the valve is not open to so great an extent. When vthe uid level islower the valve opens more widely but flows past the valve atless speed;In this way a constant and uniform amount of fuel is fed to the engineWhateverbe the quantity of fuel :in the tank. In, this way, also, theusual float isdispensed ',uitli. This form of carbureteriis serviceable'when using gasolene or otherliglit hydrocarboiis as fuel and also whenusing heavier A hydrocarbons, such as crude oil, kerosene and the like.In the latter case, however, I prefert to add to the carburetor.'A asteam genf.

erator which supplies steam at a high tenis.;

perature and which mixes with the fuel and air while being .delivered tothe mixing chamber of the carbureter. I also add to the carbureterhereinbeforedescribed a valve controlling' the admission of steam to themixing chamber.

4 My improvements are illustrated in the' accompanying drawings, inWhich- Figure l shows a vertical central section through a carbui'eterembodying my improveinents, although of course it will be' understoodthat the mixer may be arranged horizontally instead of ,vertically, asshown.

Fig. 2 showsa transverse section on the of Fig-1. Fig. 3 shows avertical line 2-2 central section through an `apparatus equipped with asteam generator and'with valve mechanism controlling the admission ofsteam to the mixing chamber. Fig. l is a view on an enlarged scale, andin vertical section, of the valve mechanism shown iii Fig. 3. A

As before stated,'the generator shown in Fig, 1 is especially intended.for use when gasolene is used as a fuel. It'has a mixing 'chamber Aprovided with` a throttle valve (i, and it also. has an air inlet Bcontrolled by valveb. The inner portion of the air chain- .ber Cis-tapered, as shown, and into this chamber projects a fuel inlet pipe Dwhich lextends well up into the chamber C and has an annular spacearound its .upper end at d for the passage of air to the mixingchainber. The up provided with a valve Pseat cl' properly shaped toreceive a' cone valve E carriedby a vertical rod e, jointed ate vto'allever F, pivoted at fto thecasing and 'operating in the mannerpresently to be described. A pieton chamber G communicates with therxing chamber A through an opening g per end vof the fuel pipe D is icellO

and iin-this chamber is mounted a piston II having a rod k jointed at hto the lever F and extending up through the top of the chamber G. Aspring I surrounds the up.

per end ofthe rod t and is fastened to the casing and also to the upperend ofthe piston rod by a nut s. The spring --tends to push the pistoninward and by adjusting the nut s the tension of the spring may beregll.-

lated and this is `done to regulate the flow of fuel .and V.to adjustthevalvemechanism for different grades of oil. `When the en. gine is notrunning the piston H is at the is properlyadjustedai The inspiration' orvsuction of the engine acts upon the piston H and tends tov draw itupwardly and through the connections '.before described opens the.

fuel admission valve Eto admit fuel to the mixing chamber. It will .beobserved 'that there is no communication. between that part of thechamber G marked :v inthe drawings and the atmosphere, and as the pistonis suitably packed to prevent leakage, when it rises' or moves towardthe mixing chamber a vacuum or partial vacuum is produced in the part a:of the cylinder, the vacuum ofcourse varyin with the. movement -of 'thepiston. In this way the engine is made to control the admission withgreat accuracy, the suction power being counterbalanced by the degree ofvacuum formed and the mechanism is so adjusted that the fuel admissionvalve is opened and closed or controlled in such manner as to suppl auniformamount of fuel under all conditions. It will beobserved that theadmission valve E has a flat face exposed to fuel pressure. I find thatby the use of such a 'valve I can dispense with the ordinary float valvein the fuel supply tank and yet obtain -uniformity in.

fuelsupply. When the fuel level is high in the supply tank greaterpressure is exerted on the flat faces of the-valve so that said valve isnot opened to so great an extent as when the fuel level is lower, butwhen the fuel level is high fuel 'is made to pass more rapidly past thevalve while when the fuel level lowers the flow of fuel is'less rapid.At all timesand 'under all conditions, however, the flow of fuel isuniform.

The cabiireter before described is adapted for use with fuels of variouskinds, but when heavy hydrocarbons, such as crude oil or i-icrosene areused I preferably employ means for supplying steam at high temperatureto the mixer for the purpose of heating the hydrocarbons to render themmore highly explosive.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a suitable apparaexplosive mixture.

ever, surrounded by steam pipe .l which communicates with a boiler Nhaving a water space fn. and flues T. Exhaust gases from the engine passinto the bottoni of the generator and up through the-flues T on one Sideof the partition Q, and down through the flues T on the opposite sidethereof',V the gases passing out through the pipe O. Water is admittedto the water space. n through the pipe P, and the steam thus generatedpasses up through the pipe J.

S indicates a safety valve and It indicates a door which when openedpermits of a torch being inserted for starting the engine. After theengine has'commenced to run the do'r may be closed and the generator maybe heated by the exhaust gases. Steam which passes through the pipe Jheats the fuelin 'the-'pipe D and' mixes therewith at the upper end ofsaid pipe. In order to oor.'- trol .the admissionof steam to the mixingchamber, I- provide avalve-R which in this instance-is annular-andsurrounds the upper end ofvthe fuel admission pipe D. This valve isprovided with a yoke 7a which is secured to the valve rod e at 7c. t

j indicates the seat for the annular valve Rand M'indicates an annularguide' or casing for said valveR. The arrangement is such that as thevalve E opens and closes the l l annular valve R is correspondinglymoved; that it, to say, lwhen the valve E* is in close contact with itsseat cl the valve R is in close contact with its seat j. The casing Mserves not only to guide the annular valve but protectslthe lowerportion thereof from steam pressure.

L indicates'a disk on the valve rod e which.

serves to scatter the fuel immediately after it leaves the valve openingan`k causes it to be mixed thoroughly with the steam passing the valveseat In this way the hydrocarbon is thoroughly heated and renderedsuitable for mixing with the air to produce an Furthermore` some of thesteam enters the engine and helps to prevent pre-ignition and theformation of carbon in the engine. y

While I have described in detail the best way now known to me ofcarrying out my invention, it will be understood that the details ofconstruction may be considerably varied.

What I claim is l. A carbureter provided with a mixing chamber for airand fuel, an air supply pipe leading to said mixing chamber, a fuelsuppipe concentricallydisposed within said air supply pipe, a valve forcontrolling the.

admission of fuel to said chamber, a second chamber communicating at oneend with'thev mixing chamber and having an `air tight closure at theother end, a piston operating in said second chamber, and meansconnect-- ing said piston with said valve for opening and closing thesame.

2. A earbureter provided with a mixing chamber for air and fuel, an airsuppli7 pipe leading to said mixing chamber, a valve controlling thepassage of air through said pipe, a fuel supply pipe disposed withinsaid air supply pipe, a. valve for controlling the admission of fuel tosaid chamber, a seeond chamber located at one side of said fuel controlValve and communicating at one end with the mixing chamber and havingits opposite end closed to the atmosphere,a `piston operating in saidchamber, a lever pivoted intermediate its ends to the Wall of saidmixing chamber and having its opposite ends connected With said valveand said piston respectively for operating the same in unison.

3. In a carbureter having a mixing chamber for air and fuel, a. fuelsupply pipe, a valve controlling the supply of fuel from said pipe, asecond pipe, a valve seat cares ci ried thereby, an annular valvebetween said pipes, and means for simultal'ieously operating both ofsaid Valves.

ln a earbureter having a mixing chamber, a fuel supplyv pipe, a valveforcontrolling the supply of -fuel from said pipe, a second pipeeoneentrieally positioned around said lirst mentioned pipe` a valve seatcarried thereby, a guide easing carried by said inner pipe, a. 'alve insaid Casing, and means for operating said valves in unison.

.5.- In a earbureter in combination, a fuel supply pipe, a valvecontrolling the fuel supply from said pipe, a steam generator, a secondpipe surrounding said first mentioned pipe and communicating with saidgenerator, an annular valve located between said pipes, and connectingmeans between said valves for Causing the same to move in unison.

ln testimonyY whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name.

JO HN L. DOUGN.

lVitnesses A. D. DUGAN, R. A. CURTIS.

